International Business - Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

International Business - Culture - Essay Example Social structures are values that were established long time ago. They define the organization of the society members into small units to meet necessities of the given society (Hyland 2012). The organization is mainly family and classes based. Social classes rank people in order of the important aspects like wealth, job, and education. In some societies, recruitments of people for jobs and promotions are based on competencies (Ajami & Goddard 2006). The contrast is based on sex, age, and family from which an individual come from. Different countries have different defined attitudes towards male and female as part of the social structure. This affects education and level of participation for the inferior gender. The inferior gender in most countries is that of women. Therefore, for a woman thinking of doing business in such environments will have to consider working with a male partner to act as the face of the business. This will increase cost of operation since the individual will have to be paid. Another factor to consider is Age. A country like Japan ascribes wisdom to be proportional to age (Ajami & Goddard 2006). Therefore, in this country, retirement for the old was not applicable which closed out young and energetic people for the opportunities. Another thing is family background of an individual. In some societies, for example Nigeria, a person’s effectiveness and acceptance is accepted or rejected based on the social status of the family from which the individual comes from (Aswathappa 2010). For the individuals coming from high profiled families, acceptance is not an issue as compared to the poor and low statured people.

Project Management Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Project Management Review - Essay Example Project scope management This creates a situation where the scope of the project increases and more tasks are to be accomplished within the limited time and budget that was originally planned for lesser tasks. So, the scope creep puts the project group into overturning the original project time and budget. Project managers are affected by the impacts of the scope creep since the beginning the project management. Controlling the scope creep is a hard task to be completed and requires precisely defined and documented design. The project manger is badly concerned about the project creep as it can sneak up, morph, and destroy a project. However, the term â€Å"scope creep† is not applied when the budget and time of the project is increased in accordance with the changes in the scope, and it is an accepted addition to the scope of the project. 2.0. â€Å"We cannot afford to terminate the project now. We have already spent more than 50 percent of the project budget.† The orga nization has changed its managerial priorities and therefore the project no longer supports the administrative strategies and the project needs to be terminated. The above statement reveals that 50 percent of the project budget is completed. ... 3.0 The role of Project Retrospective. It’s difference from Post-project evaluation. Project Retrospective is a technique to evaluate from the project experience, taking both good and bad of the project into consideration. The primary role of the project retrospective is to discover lessons and to make improvements in process that facilitates planning and execution on future projects. Such discovery is carried by brining up significant positive and negative issues, the basic causes for the issues and suggestions and proposals for improvement, normally accomplished through a retrospective meeting. The Project Retrospective further analyzes the tasks that were successful and also whether to continue with those activities. The analysis includes the functions that were useful and how they could be improved, which decision was wrong that we should not repeat, and about the cause behind the success or failure of an undertaking, and what the team can do about it. On the other hand, P ost-project evaluation is a method of recording the experiences from the past projects for the purpose using those data in the future projects wherever it seems to influence the project. The purpose of the Post-project evaluation is to assist the non-specialists in the project management in dealing with the future decision making. This system will make sure that mistakes are not repeated and the good practices of the management are maintained. In contrast to the project retrospective, the post-project evaluation is prepared with the main objective of learning the lessons that can be applied to the future projects or to transfer to departmental projects and improves project appraisal design, management, and implementation. 4.0 Major deliverables for project closure The